(2012, January 12). Human and human social systems are matter. Our nations failure to meet their needs is shameful. . This work goes under a variety of names, including 'human dynamics' and 'computational social science'. Ashton, A. . However, later investigation revealed that the attack never occurred and that the White House lied to Congress and the American people (Wells, 1994). As a result, reported rapes and sexual assaults compose only a very small percentage of all military rapes and sexual assaults. These more basic causes of war include population change and environmental change. Tirman, J. Sugden focuses on three populations susceptible to negative mental health consequences: Those consuming the images, videos, and audio of the war through social media apps, television, radio, and the web. The nation rightly grieved these deaths when they occurred and built monuments, such as the Korean and Vietnam veterans memorials in Washington, DC, that list the names of the dead. ABSTRACT This essay examines ways in which American social science in the late twentieth century wasand was nota creature of the Cold War. To illustrate this trend, compare two periods of history (Pinker, 2012). Nations also go to war for ideological reasons: they have certain belief systems that lead them to hold prejudice and other hostile feelings toward nations with different belief systems. The two atomic bombs dropped by the United States over Japan during World War II killed tens of thousands of civilians. The social science research informs everything from national security to technology development to healthcare and economic management. (2009). Marcum has joined a growing community of spouses, parents and partners who, confronted with damaged loved ones returning from war who can no longer do for themselves, drop most everything in their own lives to care for them. Within that society, characterize one of the social science principles we identified in this learning block. Despite this need, research on sexual assault in the military was scant before the early 2000s. If we say the history of the United States has been written in war, that is not too much of an exaggeration. Statistical abstract of the United States: 2012. Feinstein, A. Third, most people are not violent, and most soldiers have to be resocialized (in boot camp or its equivalent) to overcome their deep moral convictions against killing. Bikeshedding Bikeshedding is the tendency for groups to focus on solving trivial problems while neglecting larger problems. But many observers say that the United States has neglected the veterans of later wars. Retrieved from http://www.timesleader.com/stories/A-concerted-effort-needed-to-help-homeless-veterans-COMMENTARY-STATE-SEN- LISA-BAKER,89325?search_filter=A+concerted+effort+needed+to+help+homeless +veterans &town_id=1&sub_type=stories. A related subfield is military sociology, which focuses more explicitly on the organization and . SOC SCI 132. Veterans of the Vietnam War came back to a nation that often did not greet them as heroes. That problem is rape, as at least one-fifth and perhaps as many as 84 percent of all military service are raped or sexually assaulted (including sexual harassment) by other military personnel (Turchik & Wilson, 2010). Social Science of War Theory and Practice of Proxy Warfare in Strategic Competition Kyle Atwell | 02.20.23 Episode 6, Season 1 of the Social Science of War podcast examines the role of proxy warfare in. InsideDefense.com NewsStand. For example, the F-35 fighter aircraft has been plagued with management problems, huge cost-overruns, [and] substantial performance shortfalls, according to a recent news report (Kaplan, 2012). The war of social media," Popular Science, 288 (2 . (2011, July 22). 29/12/2020 Client: saad24vbs Deadline: 24 Hours. (2011). Key features include: This percentage range is much higher than the 20 percent share of federal spending cited by the government solely for defense outlays. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. Describe some of the factors that have influenced this social institution in India. A central part of US military strategy in Vietnam involved destroying rice fields and the rest of the countryside to make it difficult for the Vietcong forces to engage in guerrilla warfare. Retrieved from http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/us-veterans-numbers/story?id=14928136#1. In 2011, military spending (defense outlays by the Department of Defense and certain other agencies; outlays include costs for the Iraq and Afghanistan wars) according to the government was approximately $768 billion. In 2010, more than 19,000 US military personnel, most of them women, were raped or sexually assaulted (Stalsburg, 2011). To do so, it routinely deployed chemical weapons such as Agent Orange (dioxin, a known carcinogen), napalm, and white phosphorous. Retrieved from http://www.america.gov/st/diversity-english/2008/February/20080225120859liameruoy0.9820215.html. That is the good news and the cause for hope. This fear can take a psychological toll on all members of these families, but perhaps especially on children. The more they spend on their military (guns), the less they can spend on food for their poor and other domestic needs (butter). Retrieved from http://www.defense.gov/news/casualty.pdf (accessed February 16, 2012); Martinez, L. (2011, November 11). The cause for despair is twofold. War between nations is called international war, while war within nations is called civil war. Other political and economic changes brought by war are less obvious. Choices under fire: Moral dimensions of World War II. The Second World War triggered a series of rapid and far-reaching social changes in Newfoundland and Labrador. As a result, observes one economics writer, most Europeans have universal health care, deeply subsidized education (including free university tuition in many countries), modern infrastructure, good mass transit, and far less poverty than the United States has. For every 100,000 Iraq and Afghanistan veterans who receive health care from the Veterans Administration, 38 have killed themselves. New York Times, p. WK3. Identify two social science issues related to education. As just one example of such waste, a 2011 federal audit found that cost overruns over the prior two years had added at least $70 billion to projected costs of various weapons systems (Drew, 2011). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. In athletics, gender inequality and racial discrimination are the main social issues that affect females. It also documents the psychological and health effects of military sexual assault (MSA). A kid walked up to me and said, Your dads a baby killer. I didnt handle that well. Although the truce later dissolved and labor-management conflict resumed, labor eventually won some limited rights thanks partly to its support for the war. Fisman, R., & Miguel, E. (2010). Wells, T. (1994). Amherst, MA: Political Economy Research Institutes. By any measure, then, the US military has played a fundamental role, for better or worse, in the nations foreign affairs historically and also today. Our specialists will write a custom essay on any topic for $13.00 $10.40/page. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. Critics of the military budget say that the billions of dollars spent on weapons and other military needs would be better spent on domestic needs such as schools and day care. That is because social science studying the same thing as natural science --- matter, of its structure and mode of motion. Resources, the environment, and conflict. These issues are made complex particularly because of conflicting values concerning drug use within modern societies. AlterNet. Reflecting this decline, a smaller percentage of the worlds population died in armed conflict during the past century than in earlier eras. It includes a range of topics on social science and humanities, such as history, culture, geography, sociology, education, etc. (2011). The enormity of war has long stimulated scholarly interest in why humans wage war (Levy & Thompson, 2010). However, the calculation for this statement excludes the additional military expenses just discussed, and it uses a misleading measure of federal spending. Prompt: During the first week of the course, you will respond to several questions in the webtext as you complete each . Noting that the military budget today exceeds the average budget during the Cold War, they think military spending is far higher than it needs to be to ensure the nations defense with the Soviet Union no longer a threat. Drew, C. (2011, March 30). Federal spending includes both mandatory and discretionary spending. Holland, J. The minimum estimate almost matches the number of American deaths in all the other wars the United States has fought, and the maximum estimate greatly exceeds this number (see Table 16.2 US Participation in Major Wars). Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. (2012, February 17). I think it partly reflects a better understanding of the problems that led to war. Danner, M. (2006). Critics say these exports help fuel the worldwide arms race and international discord. Reid Kasprowicz A Flag for the Fallen CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. Bess, M. (2008). Each F-35 costs about $300 million. American war and military operations casualties: Lists and statistics. But he also notes that the Korean and Vietnam wars included many atrocities committed by American troops against civilians. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Experts disagree over this issue. Deaths in wars and conflicts in the 20th century. For exam View the full answer Previous question Next question This article is intended to investigate the war-related psycho-social problems and mitigating strategies of war declared on Ethiopia's Amhara region civilians. Leitenberg, M. (2006). Retrieved February 16, 2012, from http://costofwar.com/en/tradeoffs/state/CA/program/11/tradeoff/0. Depression, anxiety, and psychosomatic problems such as insomnia are the most common effects. Overview: The short response activities in the webtext throughout this course are designed to show your understanding of key concepts as you engage with course content. Discretionary spending involves the money the president and Congress must decide how to spend each year and includes federal income tax dollars only. April missed the man she used to know: The biggest loss is the loss of the man I married. 9.5 million children receiving low-income health care (Medicaid), 1.7 million students receiving full-tuition scholarships at state universities, 1.6 million Head Start slots for children. A concerted effort needed to help homeless veterans. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/obamas-damaging-blow-to-our-military/2012/01/12/gIQA3eMhuP_story.html. Once they were evacuated, their villages were designated free fire zones, and then often bombed indiscriminately once again, killing any villagers who managed to remain in these zones despite the evacuations. Table 16.2 US Participation in Major Wars listed the hundreds of thousands of troop deaths in American wars. After World War II, the GI Bill helped millions of veterans to go to college and otherwise readjust to civilian life. Retrieved February 17, 2012, from http://www.globalissues.org/issue/73/arms-trade-a-major-cause-of-suffering. Americans are hurt, he warned, when the defense budget squanders money that could be used to repair schools or to guarantee universal health care (Arias, 1999, p. A19). New York, NY: New York Review of Books. 2023 World War II-style rationing could be an effective way to reduce carbon . Tirman notes that approximately 6 million civilians and soldiers died in the Korean, Vietnam/Indochina, Iraq, and Afghanistan wars. Acting out wars inner wounds. Families of deployed troops also face many difficulties. Question. SNHU Social Science Issues Assignment ORDER NOW FOR AN ORIGINAL PAPER ASSIGNMENT: SNHU Social Science Issues Assignment Identify two social science issues related to war. These experts say the military budget is bloated for at least four reasons. As the Marcums situation indicates, spouses and other family members of veterans also are casualties of war. The structural approach was soon bolstered by Kenneth Waltz's neorealist Theory of International Politics (1979), and reinforced 20 years later on a different front by Alexander . Friends Committee on National Legislation. The war: A trillion can be cheap. US Census Bureau. Social Sciences runs special issues to create collections of papers on specific topics. Retrieved from http://www.history.navy.mil/wars/foabroad.htm. Retrieved February 18, 2012, from http://servicewomen.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Rape-Sexual-Assault-and-Sexual-Harassment-in-the-Military.pdf. This book has emphasized that children are often the innocent victims of various social problems from the time they are born, with important consequences for their futures. Washington, DC: Center for International Policy. Many veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have also come back home with these problems. Cross) Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham) (2011, June 17). the families are worried about their loved ones Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Discovery Institutions University of California Los Angeles Keiser University Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Peace Studies Program. Washington, DC: Author. As one scholar said of the military bases, It makes as much sense for the Pentagon to hold onto 227 military bases in Germany as it would for the post office to maintain a fleet of horses and buggies (vanden Heuvel, 2011). This includes current problems and risks that represent a probability of future problems. 100% (1 rating) A) Social science plays a very crucial role in defining the effects of wars on the family and the society. John Tirman, director of the Center for International Studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, worries that Americans have neglected the civilian victims of war. Partial justice: Women, prisons, and social control. Explain why war is best understood as a social phenomenon and why nations go to war. New York, NY: Routledge. The psychological effect of war on veterans and their families 1 ) . A key focus of their concern was the use of napalm. Before the war, violent labor strikes were common in Britain and other European nations. By 2011, NIJ's solicitation for social science research on forensic science yielded several solid proposals, and we were able to fund five projects. A prime example of this latter dynamic is the Vietnam War. Zornick, G. (2012, January 6). They also say that the stationing of some 300,000 American troops on 865 military bases abroad at the time of this writing, including 81,000 troops in Europe and 220,000 in other nations, is hardly needed to ensure the nations defense. However, other scientists dispute the evolutionary explanation for several reasons (Begley, 2009). Military spending is good for workers, they add, because it creates jobs, and it also contributes to technological development (Boot, 2012; England, 2012; McKeon, 2012). The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan provide additional examples of a theft from those who hunger and are not fed. These wars cost the United States about $1.3 trillion through 2012, for an average of more than $100 billion annually (Harrison, 2012). Using the example of Mozambique, Guatemala and others, this paper will discuss the way in which . In M. D. Cavelty & V. Mauer (Eds. Arms trade: A major cause of suffering. As a result, and despite the fact that endeavors to reward labor for its wartime cooperation were, in general, provisional, partial, and half-hearted, it was nonetheless the case that labor achieved some real gains (Halperin, 2004, p. 155). In addition to psychological and physiological trauma, rape and sexual assault impose huge economic costs on the military because of medical expenses for helping survivors and for prosecuting their rapists. Although World War II killed an estimated 55 million people, a smaller percentage of the worlds population died in armed conflict during the twentieth century than in earlier eras. When these problems occur, they may ironically worsen the psychological state of these veterans. Retrieved from http://fcnl.org/assets/flyer/taxchart11.pdf. In World War II, Tirman adds, the United States dropped two atomic bombs that killed tens of thousands of civilians, and it joined its allies in the carpet bombing of German and Japanese cities that also killed hundreds of thousands. Choose one of the five social institutions. Voice of America News. Why. These more basic causes of war include population change and environmental change. The Union of Concerned Scientists (2009) summarizes their danger bluntly: Nuclear weapons remain the greatest and most immediate threat to human civilization. However more peaceful the world is today, it could easily end at any moment. Identify two social science issues related to education. Retrieved from http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/war_stories/2012/02/_2013_pentagon_budget_why_so_much_spending_on_big_war_weapons_.html. In contrast, the United States spends 5.1 percent of its economy on its base military budget, which does not include costs for veterans benefits, for the Iraq and Afghanistan wars, and military spending that falls outside the Pentagons budget. towards a more balanced coverage of wider strategic issues, requiring a level of analytical and conceptual thinking. The U.S. military does not need or want all officers to become social scientist researchers, but applied social science can nevertheless help develop strategic thinking because it: (1) focuses on human behavior and influence; (2) develops comfort with competing theories; (3) requires creativity; and (4) uses evidence and iteration to better . Washington rules: Americas path to permanent war. Women veterans who are raped or sexually assaulted often suffer PTSD. When napalm ends up on human skin, it causes incredibly severe pain and burns down to the bone, with death often resulting. Answer preview to identify two social science issues related to war. Between 1861 and 1865, at least 618,000 and perhaps as many as 750,000 soldiers in both the Union and the Confederacy died on the battlefield or from disease. When a napalm bomb explodes, it ignites an enormous fireball that burns everything in its path. Slate. The establishment of foreign bases provided the Commission of Government with an unforeseen amount of wealth, which it used to improve social services. He applauds the Korean and Vietnam memorials in Washington, but he laments that neither mentions the people of those countries who perished in the conflicts (Tirman, 2012, p. B01). Here are the top 10 popular social issues of 2022. Defense outlays rose by 85 percent beyond inflation between 2000 and 2011. England, G. (2012, February 5). vanden Heuvel, K. (2011, June 13). Another dimension of militarism involves arms exports by both the US government and US military contractors. 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