The region also comprises the countries of Somalia, Djibouti, and Eritrea, which are . With maximum velocities of around 8.5 km/h, it is one of the fastest and strongest flowing currents in the world. The situation is exacerbated by large-scale illegal logging, which is often exported to international markets. However, the official Omani Arab presence in Kenya was checked by German and British seizure of key ports and creation of crucial trade alliances with influential local leaders in the 1880s. The Glorioso Islands are a small atoll in the Indian Ocean off East Africa, near Madagascar, part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands. The child here is unidentified except that he is beind held for sale as a slave. It is believed that almost 90% of the entire wildlife of Madagascar is found nowhere else on planet Earth. (UK) +44 (23) 9387-7464 Wildlife need corridors to move safely and easily between protected areas. The inhabitants, whose main local currency was cowrie shells, traded with the peoples of the Persian Gulf and, by the early 11th century, had first come under Muslim influence. Swahili, with at least 80million speakers[citation needed] as a first or second language, is an important trade language in the Great Lakes area. HOW TO GET THE MOST OUT OF AFRICA GEOGRAPHIC: We're the Africa Geographic editorial team a diverse set of writers, editors, designers and social media natives, all united by our passion for this addictive continent. The ocean's name, derived from Greek mythology, means the "Sea of Atlas." It is second in size to the Pacific Ocean. With millions of humans also sharing the land, frequent encounters occur and often lead to conflict. Portuguese trading stations in East Africa and the Slave trade. [49], After their movements from their original homeland in West Africa, Bantus also encountered in central east Africa peoples of Cushitic origin. Da Gama's voyage was successful in reaching India, which permitted the Portuguese to trade with the Far East directly by sea. When we think "Africa," we think of the "Big Five"lions, elephants, leopards, buffalo and rhinosthat crisscross the African Savannah. Go next. This was projected to reach 890 million by 2050, with an average growth rate of 2.5% per annum. Overfishingfor local consumption and export to commercial marketsposes a major threat to the region. Eastern Africa region The Nairobi Convention A: Overview The Western Indian Ocean region is characterised by high biodiversity, both in terms of species and ecosystems, with a young and growing human population, especially in coastal urban centres. The Dragonfly Sea, by Yvonne Adhiambo Owuor. It's more than 41 million square miles, the second . Local communities play a critical role in management and patrolling of the area, and have established sanctuaries (no-fishing zones) that allow for the recovery of depleted fish stocks and corals. Stretching from the Arctic Circle to Antarctica, the Atlantic Ocean is bordered by the Americas to the west and Europe and Africa to the east. Sailors and Daughters reveals the expansive maritime societies of Zanzibar, the east African coast, and beyond. 12. Today, tourism is an important part of the economies of Kenya, Tanzania, Seychelles, and Uganda. Portugal had first established a strong presence in southern Mozambique and the Indian Ocean since the 15th century, while during this period their possessions increasingly grew including parts from the present northern Mozambique country, up to Mombasa in present-day Kenya. Overfishing, coastal development, pollution, the unknown consequences of climate change, and more immediate effects of shark finning and manta ray poaching are some of the most threatening concerns. Mozambique, Tanzania and Kenya are not only sources of ivory, but also major conduits for illegal wildlife trade. Today's crossword puzzle clue is a general knowledge one: Republic in East Africa, on the Indian Ocean. Starting in the 1850s, the small protectorate of Djibouti became French Somaliland in 1897. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). WWF works with farmers to develop climate smart solutions that conserve natural resources and protect wildlife habitats, while improving local food security and incomes. Ancient Africa's east coast was home to trading cities, a region that subsists primarily on international import and export. [62][63] These early writings perhaps document the first wave of Bantu settlers to reach central east Africa during their migration.[64]. [47] The Aksumite rulers facilitated trade by minting their own Aksumite currency. A green turtle swims in the blue waters at Marsa Abu Dabbab in the Red Sea, Egypt Cristian Umili (Photographer of the Year 2018 entrant), ? A healthy reef with an abundance of life in Sodwana Bay, South Africa Geo Cloete (Photographer of the Year 2018 Top 101), The life-sustaining benefits of rainforest to our planet is more commonly known than those provided by a healthy ocean, but in fact, the ocean contributes even more and I wanted to capture a photo conveying this message. Coastal East Africa encompasses a beautiful tapestry of land and seafrom mountains and grasslands to mangroves and fringing coral reefs. 2023 World Wildlife Fund. Increased numbers of fish in the sanctuary areas benefit local fishermen who catch more fish in the surrounding areas, and have fueled a profitable tourism industry. People here depend on the regions natural resourcesclean freshwater, healthy forests and mangroves, and abundant fish and wildlife. This . [74] In Ethiopia, there is an estimated population of 102million as of 2016.[75]. Though the majority of its houses were of wattle and daub, there were also some of stone. Omissions? Organised by The Society for Arabian Studies. It was last seen in British general knowledge crossword. East coast rock lobsters found in the Indo-West Pacific region, from East Africa along the coast of the Indian Ocean, as far as the Malay Archipelago, and then along the coasts of the Pacific Ocean to Japan in the north and Australia, New Caledonia and probably the Marquesas Islands in the south. Turn-of-the-century maritime photographs, dhows off the east African coast Monsoon Dhows Sailors have harnessed the Indian Ocean's monsoon winds for at least two millennia. Some of the earliest hominin skeletal remains have been found in the wider region, including fossils discovered in the Awash Valley of Ethiopia, as well as in the Koobi Fora in Kenya and Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. At altitudes of above 2,500 metres (8,202ft), frosts are common during the dry season and maxima typically about 21C (70F) or less. All of the states produced pottery. With imports and exports on the rise in and out of these ports, it's only a matter of time before larger and deeper berths are necessary to accommodate the changes and remain competitive. During the following fifteen centuries, the Bantu slowly intensified farming and grazing over all suitable regions of East Africa, in the process making contact with Austronesian- and Arabic-speaking settlers on southern coastal areas. Unusually, most of the rain falls in two distinct wet seasons, one centred on April and the other in October or November. WWF seeks to halt the illegal logging in Mozambique and Tanzania that is destroying vital coastal forests. Like their predecessors, the Omani Arabs were primarily able only to control the coastal areas, not the interior. collapse afer a 1500 year reign over the Southern Nile valley as a result of the migrating Noba, The immigration and Conquest of the Noba would culturally reshape the Sudanese nile valley and lead to the transition of the region into the 3 Nubian speaking Christian kingdoms afterwards, Makuria, Alodia (Also known as Alwa) and Nobatia as result of the Noba who likley spoke proto nubian.[43]. The amount of water being transported by the Agulhas . Pop. XXXIV 1999, pp. A dense concentration of box jellyfish in the Atlantic Ocean, Cape Town, South Africa Geo Cloete (Photographer of the Year 2018 Semi-finalist), In 2016, I published a photo of an unusual and yet to be described behaviour displayed by box jellyfish. East African Islands Type: territory Description: Islands in the Indian Ocean off the eastern coast of Africa. Djibouti, as well as the Puntland and Somaliland regions of Somalia, have also seen relative stability. Roland Oliver, et al. They have revealed an extensive pre-Muslim settlement standing on the edge of what was the finest harbour on the coast. This article covers the history of the area from ancient times through the 20th century. The East Africa coast supports rich wildlife populations of which 60-70% are found only in the Indo-Pacific and 15% are found nowhere else in the world. This has led to major pollution and overfishing. A senior U.S. Navy officer says that his service no longer considers the East Coast of the United States as an "uncontested" area or an automatic "safe haven" for its ships and submarines. The coast of East Africa provides many excellent natural harbours formed by submerged former river estuaries. Lake Niassa is located in Mozambique and shares borders with Malawi and Tanzania. This is usually attributed to the passage of the Intertropical Convergence Zone across the region in those months, but it may also be analogous to the autumn monsoon rains of parts of Sri Lanka, Vietnam, and the Brazilian Nordeste. German East Africa, though very extensive, was not of such strategic importance as the British Crown's colonies to the north: the inhabitation of these lands was difficult and thus limited, mainly due to climatic conditions and the local geomorphology. To provide further sources of incomeand also serve as markers for property boundariesWWF helped incorporate citrus trees. Mozambique is institutinga five-year strategy that makes the sustainable management of natural resources and the environment a priority, and to the creation of a program that will focus on protecting the countrys natural capital. External trade was increasing: glass beads were being imported from India, and porcelains, transshipped either in India or in the Persian Gulf, were arriving from China. You really can walk across the Red Sea at Sharm el-Sheik. Birth of undersea volcano off the east coast of Africa recorded in great detail. The east coast of Africa holds a bounty of life that rivals the land. We assist local communities in securing management rights to their local wildlife and fisheries. East Africa Discover East Africa & the Indian Ocean Islands - Enjoy Breathtaking Scenery, Wonderful Plants & Trees, Countless Varieties of Birds & Abundant Wildlife East Africa is home to some of the continent's most famous sights, but also some of its least explored corners. 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